The spine is a complex structure whose main functions are to support the body and protect the spinal cord.
To fulfill its functions, the spine is composed of natural curves : scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Each curve has a specific function and contributes to the proper functioning of your back.
Unfortunately, these natural curves can become abnormal or excessive and generate significant health problems .
To help you understand and avoid confusion, here is a clear explanation of the different terms.
Scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis: the natural curves of the spine
In total, there are 4 natural curves of the spine : thoracic kyphosis, sacral kyphosis, cervical lordosis and lumbar lordosis.
Kyphosis
There are 2 types of kyphosis curvatures.
Thoracic kyphosis is located in the chest (T1 to T12) and is attached to the sides. This curve of 20 to 40° points outwards.
Sacral kyphosis is an outward curvature located at the level of the sacrum and coccyx (S1 and below).
The natural curves of the kyphosis type allow your spine to support the weight of your head and upper body .
Lordosis
There are two types of lordosis curvatures:
- Cervical lordosis is a curvature of 20 to 40° inwards in the neck between the skull and the shoulders (C1 to C7).
- The lumbar lordosis is located in the lower back (L1 to L5). This curve of 40 to 60° curves inwards.
The natural curves of the spine, such as lordosis, are essential for posture and mobility. They allow your spine to support your body weight effectively.
Spinal curvature pathologies
Although natural, spinal curvatures such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis can become pathological, leading to deformities that negatively impact your posture and overall health.
Scoliosis
Unlike lordosis and kyphosis, which are natural curves of the spine, scoliosis is often considered a pathological condition , as it is a visible deviation of the spine to the left or right , in the shape of an ''S'' or a ''C''.
While mild scoliosis can sometimes be present without serious problems, severe scoliosis can lead to many complications such as breathing problems, pain, or functional limitations.
This abnormality can be functional scoliosis or structural scoliosis. Functional scoliosis often results from prolonged poor posture, a leg length discrepancy, or sciatica.
Structural scoliosis is much more serious . It can be caused by genetic factors, neuromuscular diseases (such as muscular dystrophy) or congenital malformations of the vertebrae.
Hyperkyphosis
Hyperkyphosis is an exacerbation of natural kyphosis , resulting in a hunched posture or the "hunchback posture".
This pathology can take the form of an excessive curvature of the thoracic spine towards the back (overly rounded or hunched back) or of a "buffalo hump", a pronounced curvature of the first thoracic vertebrae or the last cervical thoracic vertebra.
The causes of hyperkyphosis are generally related to aging, poor posture over the long term, degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis with vertebral fractures, as well as Scheuermann's disease (abnormal growth of the vertebrae in adolescents).
The buffalo hump is due to the accumulation of fat at the back of the neck, often associated with disorders such as Cushing's syndrome.
Hyperlordosis
Hyperlordosis refers to an excessive curvature of the lumbar or cervical spine. This is then referred to as lumbar hyperlordosis or cervical hyperlordosis. The latter, sometimes called "cervical stiffness," is characterized by a reduction in the natural curvature of the neck.
Lumbar hyperlordosis can be caused by poor posture, pregnancy, obesity, weak abdominal muscles, or spondylolisthesis, while cervical hyperlordosis is often caused by cervical trauma or congenital conditions.
Scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis: what treatments are available?
Regular monitoring and follow-up
It is essential to monitor the progression of your curvature with a professional by having regular X-rays and clinical examinations to find a treatment adapted to your situation.
Orthopedic corset
For people who are still growing, such as teenagers, an orthopedic brace can help limit the progression of the curvature.
It must be worn regularly according to your doctor's specific instructions. The brace helps maintain good posture regardless of your condition.
Rehabilitation and physiotherapy
Rehabilitation and physiotherapy can help strengthen your back muscles , improve your posture and increase your flexibility.
Physiotherapy is recognized as highly effective for kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis. It helps relieve pain, teaches you to better manage your body, and helps you adopt good posture during your daily activities.
For more information on physiotherapy we recommend you consult the French Federation of Physiotherapists and Rehabilitation Specialists (FFMKR).
Physiotherapy and postural exercises
Physiotherapy and postural exercises can help correct any muscle imbalances and improve the alignment of your spine .
Physiotherapy is a paramedical discipline that helps treat dysfunctions of the human body through manual techniques.
Weight management and lifestyle changes
A healthy lifestyle with a suitable diet and physical activity helps prevent the risk of unnatural spinal deformities .
Furthermore, adopting a correct posture and using ergonomic furniture are essential elements in preventing back problems and general health issues.
Check out our dedicated article to learn more about how to have good posture to prevent pain and protect your spine.
Don't miss our article compiling our best tips for setting up an ergonomic workstation .
Surgery
Surgery may be used as a last resort if all other treatments are ineffective.
The surgical interventions aim to correct the curvature of the spine and stabilize it , reducing pain.
For more information on spinal surgery, consult the Parisian Back Institute.
Strengthening and stretching exercises
To maintain your flexibility and strengthen your back, it is important to stay active and incorporate strengthening exercises and stretches into your daily routine.
Depending on the severity of your symptoms, a doctor may recommend certain exercises to manage your scoliosis, kyphosis, or lordosis.
To learn more, feel free to consult our various articles:
Lower back stretches
Stretching with your back to the alarm clock
The 12 best stretches to do at the office to relieve stress and tension
Exercises with a ball for back pain
7 exercises for back pain, according to an osteopath
Conclusion
While the natural curves of the spine are essential for maintaining the body's stability, they can sometimes lead to problems. That's why you should adopt healthy lifestyle habits and good posture every day to protect your spine.
